When a tool's specifics matter for what you're doing, verify against the official docs at the time of use — the web moves.

Web fundamentals

Frontend frameworks

  • React — the official site, including the new tutorial
  • Next.js — App Router, Pages Router, deployment
  • Vue — guide and API reference
  • Svelte / SvelteKit — both maintained on the same site
  • SvelteKit — the meta-framework around Svelte
  • Astro — content-first sites with islands

Backends, runtimes, languages

  • Node.js — JavaScript on the server
  • Python — official docs
  • FastAPI — modern Python web framework
  • Express — the classic Node web framework
  • Hono — lightweight web framework that runs anywhere

Databases & ORMs

Auth

Git, hosting, deploys

  • Git — official docs and the Pro Git book
  • GitHub — workflow, Actions, security
  • GitLab — alternative host with built-in CI
  • Cloudflare Pages — static + functions
  • Vercel — Next.js's home platform
  • Netlify — static + functions
  • Render — full-stack hosting with managed Postgres
  • Railway — deploy any stack
  • Fly.io — apps run close to users globally

CI/CD

Monitoring & observability

AI coding agents

  • Claude Code — Anthropic's terminal-based coding agent
  • Cursor — AI-first IDE
  • v0 — UI generation by Vercel
  • Lovable — full-app generation
  • Bolt — in-browser app builder
  • Replit — agent + cloud IDE
  • Windsurf — AI-first IDE (formerly Codeium)
  • GitHub Copilot — inline AI completion + chat

Security primers